Industrial Literature

TH2

PREMIER TECHNICAL RESOURCES — MUNICIPAL GRADE TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR ODOR, CORROSION, FOG, BIOLOGICAL, AND BIOSOLIDS PROCESSING

EFFECTIVE, ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE TOTAL SYSTEM TREATMENT FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER

THIOGUARD ® QUALITY AND REACTIVITY IS CRITICAL TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES

BRUCITE TRIAL COMPARISON 90 Day Trial Averages 11 MGD WRF 2012

Thioguard

Brucite

489 GALLONS

500

■ Highest Purity, Reactivity, and Stability in the Industry ■ Sourced and Produced in the US ■ Distribution Terminals Throughout the US ■ No Sludge-Producing Fillers

■ Inventory Management Services ■ Equipment Management Services ■ Application Consulting Services

375

OVER 2X THE DOSAGE

209 GALLONS

250

125

EFFLUENT ALK: 88

EFFLUENT ALK: 54

0

Gallons / Day

TEST

THIOGUARD BRUCITE

DIFFERENCES

WHY IT MATTERS

ILLUSTRATION

Mg(OH) 2 , % on dry solids basis

88-93% 60% - 90%

Thioguard contains fewer impurities than Brucite, which can affect stability, reactivity and overall performance.

Inert impurities contribute to additional sludge and accumulation of solids in unwanted areas of the process. Brucite impurities may include crystalline silica and barium which are possible hazards. Settling of material requires more energy and effort to maintain uniformity, flowability and pumpability. The same is true in wastewater treatment processes, such as aeration basins and channels where even sufficient mixing

SUPERIOR Mg(OH) 2 CONSISTENCY

100%

90%

80% 60% Percent Mg(OH) 2 70%

Brucite

Thioguard

50%

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

XRD & XRF Sample Analysis

Settleometer, ml: 250 ml graduated cylinder

SUPERIOR STABILITY

24 hours: 250 ml to 250 ml = 0% settling 48 hours: 250 ml to 250 ml = 0% settling

24 hours: 250 ml to 180 ml = 28% settling 48 hours: 250 ml to 150 ml = 40% settling

Brucite – settled more than 40% over a 48-hour period and 28% over a 24-hour period.

24 HOURS

48 HOURS

Fouled Aeration Diffusers

Thioguard – settled 0% over a 48-hour period and 0% over a 24-hour period.

may lead to accumulation of unreacted Brucite. If added

0% Settling

28% Settling

0% Settling

40% Settling

upstream, unreacted Brucite may fail to reach the Biological processes where alkalinity is needed.

Thioguard

Brucite

Thioguard

Brucite

SRT – Stabilized Residual Test, grams

16.0-24.0 grams

75.0 - 100.0 grams

Brucite generated more than 75 grams of settled material after a 14-hour tap test simulating over-the-road transportation of bulk material.

Poor SRT values lead to increased heels in trucks and storage tanks, which results in loss of product and loss of storage capacity. It also contributes to the lack of uniformity in the product.

SRT – STABILIZED RESIDUAL TEST

Thioguard

Brucite

80

64

48

32

16 Grams

Recovery or resuspension of compacted product may not be possible.

THIOGUARD 3.0 GRAMS

BRUCITE 75.1 GRAMS

0

SUPERIOR CMA (caustic magnesia activity)

CMA Reactivity – Caustic Magnesia Activity Test, seconds

75-135 seconds to achieve 9.0 pH.

1,400 seconds to achieve 5.6 pH.

Brucite does not achieve an effective rate of neutralization and therefore fails to pass the CMA Test.

Brucite’s inability to react expeditiously to the biogenic acids that are produced in wastewater treatment results in it’s failure to yield the desired pH stability for the biological processes.

Thioguard

Brucite

1,500

1,200

Starting pH: 3.0 Ending pH: 5.6

900

Starting pH: 3.0 Ending pH: 9.0

5.6 pH

9.0 pH

Brucite is unreliable for neutralizing acids.

600

THIOGUARD 60-80 SECONDS

300 Seconds

BRUCITE 1,400 SECONDS

0

Elapsed Time

SUPERIOR REACTIVITY IN NEUTRAL PH 9.50

Reactivity in Neutral pH Water

9.5 pH

7.9 pH

Thioguard provides greater reactivity and a higher dissolution rate in neutral pH water.

Neutral pH environments dissolve magnesia even more slowly than the acids utilized in the CMA test therefore requiring a more highly reactive product such as Thioguard.

9.00

Brucite

Thioguard

8.50

8.00

pH

7.50

7.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Time Minutes

Dose: 100 mg/L

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION BRUCITE 10-20+ µm THIOGUARD 5-7 µm

PSD – Particle Size Distribution, µm - micron

Mean = 6.0-12.0 µm - micron

Mean = 10-20+ µm - micron

Brucite’s mean particle size is 100-186% larger than Thioguard’s mean particle size.

Particle size and PSD relate directly to settleability and reactivity, as noted above.

800 X Microscopic Comparison

SSA – Specific Surface Area, m²/g

16-25 m²/g

5-6 m²/g

Thioguard has 220-260% more surface area than Brucite.

SSA directly effects reactivity, and due to surface topography, Thioguard’s surface area exceeds that of Brucite, even in particles of comparable size, resulting in higher reactivity.

15-17 acres of surface area per gallon

3-4 acres of surface area per gallon

BRUCITE

THIOGUARD

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